It is believed that John Miles Duvall, son of Jacob Duvall and Mary Miles?, and 2nd Great Grandfather of Ellis Duvall, was born in St. Mary's County, Maryland in the 1750's. We know he lived on the "western shore" in 1782 because the Council of Maryland ordered at that time that John Miles and others be paid by the western shore treasury; most of the men who received payment were from St. Mary's County. See Newman at 562. Various family records indicate that John Miles Duvall married Ann Tarleton, who was of the Catholic Tarleton family who resided in St. Mary's County.
John and Ann had the following children: Mary, William, Eleanor, Sinnett, Thomas, Jacob Duvall II (Great Grandfather of Ellis Duvall), John Miles, Polly Mary, Sarah, Simon, Priscilla, Ann and Gabriel (Gabriel is the direct ancestor of President Barrack Obama).
John served in the Revolutionery War (DAR Ancestor #A035674). He was part of the Maryland militia and signed an Oath of Allegiance in 1778. He also furnished supplies.
Family legend has John Miles Duvall dying in Virginia by drowning in the Potomac about 1787. He was supposedly taking his family, along with several other Catholic families, to Kentucky. It is known that his wife and children were residing in Nelson County, Kentucky sometime before 1790. John's widow married for a second time to Benjamin Loan on 20 Jan 1792 in Nelson County, Kentucky.
Tuesday, June 15, 2010
Jacob Duvall
Jacob Duvall, the 3rd Great Grandfather of Ellis Duvall, was born to Mareen Duvall the Younger and Elizabeth Jacob Duvall in Queen Anne's Parish, Prince Georges County, Maryland on 19 April 1715. http://files, usgwarchives.org/md/princegeorge. At some point he moved to Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and we find him in the 1790 census. He died there 07 March 1796.
He married probably Mary Miles about 1740. Some researchers believe he was married to Mary Bourne. If Miss Bourne was his wife, her parents were probably Thomas Bourne & Elizabeth Sinnett. Jacob Duvall & John Miles Duvall both had sons named Sinnett which mitigates toward there being a Sinnett in the family. Need more research on this. But, John Miles Duvall may have been named after his mother, Mary Miles. Also, Mary Bourne was born before 1702, and Jacob Duvall was born 1715, so highly unlikely they would have married.
We do know that Jacob inherited 300 acres of Pleasant Grove from his father which he sold when he moved to St. Mary's County in 1743. We also have record of an assessment for 260 acres in Anne Arundel County known as Huntington Hundred. We know of at least three children born to Jacob Duvall and his wife Mary; all were probably born in Anne Arundel County (but possibly St. Mary's County), Maryland: John Miles Duvall, the 2nd Great Grandfather of Ellis Duvall, was born about 1745; Sinnett Duvall was born about 1747; and Priscilla Duvall was born 09 November 1755. Jacob Duvall is believed to have died 07 March 1796 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.
It is not known how Jacob Duvall's property was disposed at his death. He died after his son John Miles, so it would not have been him who inherited. By the time of Jacob Duvall's death John Miles' wife and family had migrated to Kentucky, and John Miles Duvall's wife had remarried.
He married probably Mary Miles about 1740. Some researchers believe he was married to Mary Bourne. If Miss Bourne was his wife, her parents were probably Thomas Bourne & Elizabeth Sinnett. Jacob Duvall & John Miles Duvall both had sons named Sinnett which mitigates toward there being a Sinnett in the family. Need more research on this. But, John Miles Duvall may have been named after his mother, Mary Miles. Also, Mary Bourne was born before 1702, and Jacob Duvall was born 1715, so highly unlikely they would have married.
We do know that Jacob inherited 300 acres of Pleasant Grove from his father which he sold when he moved to St. Mary's County in 1743. We also have record of an assessment for 260 acres in Anne Arundel County known as Huntington Hundred. We know of at least three children born to Jacob Duvall and his wife Mary; all were probably born in Anne Arundel County (but possibly St. Mary's County), Maryland: John Miles Duvall, the 2nd Great Grandfather of Ellis Duvall, was born about 1745; Sinnett Duvall was born about 1747; and Priscilla Duvall was born 09 November 1755. Jacob Duvall is believed to have died 07 March 1796 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.
It is not known how Jacob Duvall's property was disposed at his death. He died after his son John Miles, so it would not have been him who inherited. By the time of Jacob Duvall's death John Miles' wife and family had migrated to Kentucky, and John Miles Duvall's wife had remarried.
Mareen Duvall the Younger in Adulthood
Mareen Duvall the Younger must have been somewhat rebellious. This is not surprising though since he had lost his parents at a young age and had been forced to live with his stepmother and her new husband during his teen years. In Newman's Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation we read:
"Mareen Duvall once aroused a woman's scorn in the form of Mistress Mary Eagle, the wife
of Robert Eagle, who had previously been the wife of James Orrick, then deceased, and whose son,
William Orrick, had already contracted bonds of matrimony with Mareen's sister Catherine. It was
declared that on July 12, 1701, at South River Mareen Duvall had made "false, scandalous, and
infamous libel" in writing against Mistress Eagle who had always conducted herself in a very
upright and virtuous manner. Some of the accusations are unprintable, but one was an "impudent
strumpet." Duvall secured Colonel William Dent, of Charles County, one of the outstanding
barristers of that day to defend him. The case was presented before the Judges of the Provincial
Court on April 27, 1703, but the accusations could not be proven and Robert Eagle and his wife not
only lost their case, but the court decreed that Mareen Duvall recover damages against them for an
unstated quantity of good, merchantable tobacco."
Mareen the Younger had inherited 300 acres in his father's estate. In 1732 the Rev. Jacob Henderson deeded him a tract of land known as "Pleasant Grove" which comprised 1,632 acres. Mareen the Younger began describing himself as "Mareen Duvall Sr. at the Great Marsh".
On 21 Oct 1701 at All Hallow Parish, Anne Arundel County, Maryland Mareen the Younger married Elizabeth Jacob, daughter of John Jacob Sr. and Anne Cheney (Cheyney). It is believed that John Jacob Sr. emigrated from England to Anne Arundel County about 1665. Elizabeth's mother Anne Cheney was born in Maryland about 1660, the daughter of Richard Cheney and Charity Wood, who were both born in England.
Mareen Duvall the Younger and Elizabeth had the following children: Mareen, Susannah, Elizabeth, Samuel, Anne, Benjamin, John, Jacob, Mary, Lewis, and Gabriel. The direct ancestor to Ellis Duvall is Jacob Duvall.
Mareen Duvall the Younger died on 09 June 1741at Pleasant Grove, Queen Anne's Parish, Prince George County, Maryland. His wife Elizabeth, who was born about 1683, died at Pleasant Grove in February 1752. Both left wills devising real and personal property to their children.
"Mareen Duvall once aroused a woman's scorn in the form of Mistress Mary Eagle, the wife
of Robert Eagle, who had previously been the wife of James Orrick, then deceased, and whose son,
William Orrick, had already contracted bonds of matrimony with Mareen's sister Catherine. It was
declared that on July 12, 1701, at South River Mareen Duvall had made "false, scandalous, and
infamous libel" in writing against Mistress Eagle who had always conducted herself in a very
upright and virtuous manner. Some of the accusations are unprintable, but one was an "impudent
strumpet." Duvall secured Colonel William Dent, of Charles County, one of the outstanding
barristers of that day to defend him. The case was presented before the Judges of the Provincial
Court on April 27, 1703, but the accusations could not be proven and Robert Eagle and his wife not
only lost their case, but the court decreed that Mareen Duvall recover damages against them for an
unstated quantity of good, merchantable tobacco."
Mareen the Younger had inherited 300 acres in his father's estate. In 1732 the Rev. Jacob Henderson deeded him a tract of land known as "Pleasant Grove" which comprised 1,632 acres. Mareen the Younger began describing himself as "Mareen Duvall Sr. at the Great Marsh".
On 21 Oct 1701 at All Hallow Parish, Anne Arundel County, Maryland Mareen the Younger married Elizabeth Jacob, daughter of John Jacob Sr. and Anne Cheney (Cheyney). It is believed that John Jacob Sr. emigrated from England to Anne Arundel County about 1665. Elizabeth's mother Anne Cheney was born in Maryland about 1660, the daughter of Richard Cheney and Charity Wood, who were both born in England.
Mareen Duvall the Younger and Elizabeth had the following children: Mareen, Susannah, Elizabeth, Samuel, Anne, Benjamin, John, Jacob, Mary, Lewis, and Gabriel. The direct ancestor to Ellis Duvall is Jacob Duvall.
Mareen Duvall the Younger died on 09 June 1741at Pleasant Grove, Queen Anne's Parish, Prince George County, Maryland. His wife Elizabeth, who was born about 1683, died at Pleasant Grove in February 1752. Both left wills devising real and personal property to their children.
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
Mareen Duvall the Younger's childhood
Mareen Duvall the Younger, son of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant and Susannah Brasseur, is a direct ancestor of Ellis Duvall. He was born about 1680 (he swore in a deposition in 1726 that he was then 46 years of age) at "Middle Plantation", South River Hundred, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. His mother died when he was only 12 years of age. His father soon remarried and there is substantial evidence that the children were not fond of their stepmother, Mary Stanton. Soon after his marriage to Mary Stanton, Mareen Duvall the Emigrant died, leaving Mareen the Younger an orphan to be raised by his stepmother when he was only 14 years old. It wasn't long before Mary Stanton remarried to the prominent Colonel Ridgely. Mareen the Younger was clearly unhappy. Only two years after his father's death, when he was about 16 years of age, he petitioned to have his guardian changed:
"Murrene Duvall's Junr petition to choose his guardian . . . by Reason his ffather &
mother-in-law with whom he doth live do take little care for his proficiency in Learning,
and lesser of his plantation for his future good. And your petitionr was not admitted, neither
would the Court suffer him to have as much as Assurance of some satisfaction when he
comes of age, for the use of his plantation till then: ffor my Brother did proffer to give One
Thousand pounds of tobacco p Annum for the use of the plantation & would have had it
Recorded, but they Refused Audience, choosing rather that his ffather in law should wear
out Land without any benefit; likewise they threaten to have your petitioner whipt, if he
comes any more there. Therefore your Petr doth humbly desire your Excell to Grant him the
same privilege of your Clemency to Orphans tht others have, and to Admit & ordr he may
Choose his Brother John Duvall for his Guardian & your Petr shall ever pray."
Mareen the Younger was unsuccessful in his request, and Mary Stanton was appointed as his guardian until he was 18 years of age. He was threatened not to petition the Governor's Council again.
Mareen the Younger inherited from his father 300 acres of land known as "The Plaines". Mareen the Younger became known as "Mareen of the Great Marsh" in order to distinguish him from his elder half brother, Mareen.
See Newman, "Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation", pages 209 - 212
"Murrene Duvall's Junr petition to choose his guardian . . . by Reason his ffather &
mother-in-law with whom he doth live do take little care for his proficiency in Learning,
and lesser of his plantation for his future good. And your petitionr was not admitted, neither
would the Court suffer him to have as much as Assurance of some satisfaction when he
comes of age, for the use of his plantation till then: ffor my Brother did proffer to give One
Thousand pounds of tobacco p Annum for the use of the plantation & would have had it
Recorded, but they Refused Audience, choosing rather that his ffather in law should wear
out Land without any benefit; likewise they threaten to have your petitioner whipt, if he
comes any more there. Therefore your Petr doth humbly desire your Excell to Grant him the
same privilege of your Clemency to Orphans tht others have, and to Admit & ordr he may
Choose his Brother John Duvall for his Guardian & your Petr shall ever pray."
Mareen the Younger was unsuccessful in his request, and Mary Stanton was appointed as his guardian until he was 18 years of age. He was threatened not to petition the Governor's Council again.
Mareen the Younger inherited from his father 300 acres of land known as "The Plaines". Mareen the Younger became known as "Mareen of the Great Marsh" in order to distinguish him from his elder half brother, Mareen.
See Newman, "Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation", pages 209 - 212
Monday, April 19, 2010
Robert Brasseur
The father of Benjamin Brasseur was Robert Brasseur who was born in France probably about 1598. It is not known where in France he was born (see http://genforum.genealogy.com/brashear/messages/718.html; this is a message board posting by Charles Brashear, author of Brashear and McCoy, A Brashear(s) Family History, Vol. 1, The First 200 Years of Brashear(s) in America and Some Descendants in Maryland, 31 August 1998). It is known that Robert Brasseur was a Huguenot, and he is listed on the list of qualified Huguenot ancestors of the National Huguenot Society, http://www.huguenot.netnation.com/ancestor/default.htm.
Robert Brasseur immigrated to Virginia prior to 1636 as he is named in "The Brasheare who paid 600 pounds of tobacco for Thomas Purser is presumably the person named in the following: Peter Johnson's patent for 600 acres in Warrisquicke County June 1, 1636, land abutting on Nansemond River, "Renewed in the name of Robert Brasseur and Peter Ray.""; Nell Marion Nugent, Cavaliers and Pioneers, Vol 1, P. 41.
This is the first of many land acquisitons by Robert Brasseur. Based on land deeds, and the records of him transporting 24 people to Virginia, it is apparent that Robert was a wealthy man.
The wife of Robert Brasseur is unknown. Robert died approximately 1667, as his then living eldest son John (Benjamin had died by then) inherited his property in Nansemond County, Virginia. Va Land Patents, Book 6, p. 72; cited in Brashear and McCoy, supra, p. 7.
Robert Brasseur immigrated to Virginia prior to 1636 as he is named in "The Brasheare who paid 600 pounds of tobacco for Thomas Purser is presumably the person named in the following: Peter Johnson's patent for 600 acres in Warrisquicke County June 1, 1636, land abutting on Nansemond River, "Renewed in the name of Robert Brasseur and Peter Ray.""; Nell Marion Nugent, Cavaliers and Pioneers, Vol 1, P. 41.
This is the first of many land acquisitons by Robert Brasseur. Based on land deeds, and the records of him transporting 24 people to Virginia, it is apparent that Robert was a wealthy man.
The wife of Robert Brasseur is unknown. Robert died approximately 1667, as his then living eldest son John (Benjamin had died by then) inherited his property in Nansemond County, Virginia. Va Land Patents, Book 6, p. 72; cited in Brashear and McCoy, supra, p. 7.
Benjamin Brasseur
Benjamin Brasseur was the father of Susannah Brasseur, the second wife (possibly third if Mareen the Emigrant was married first to an unknown wife in France) of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant. Benjamin was born in France about 1620, and arrived in Virginia before 1636 with his father and siblings. He was variously known as Benoit/Benois/Bennet. Benjamin married (probably to Mary Richford; he transported her from England in 1645) about 1645 while he was living in Nansemond, Virginia. He had the following children: Robert, Benjamin, Anne, Susannah, John, Elizabeth, Martha and Mary. All but Mary were born in Virginia; Mary was born in Maryland. Benjamin died about 1663, probably fairly suddenly, in Calvert County, Maryland, at the age of about 42. Though a will has not been found, his estate was inventoried, and from it's contents it is apparent he died a wealthy man. He had numerous livestock and also slaves. He had been a land owner in Nansemond, Virginia and purchased 1160 acres of land from Richard Bennett when he immigrated to Calvert County, Maryland about 1658. In 1660 he served on the Grand Jury of Calvert County, MD. In June 1661 Benjamin Brasseur was appointed a Commissioner of Calvert County, Maryland. When Benjamin and his family were naturalized on 4 December 1662 in Maryland by Charles Calvert they may have been the first naturalization in Maryland; being naturalized gave the family all of the rights of natural born citizens of Maryland:
CAELCILTUS, absolute Lord and proprietary of the Province of Maryland & Avalon Lord Barron of Baltemore, &c,
TO ALL PERSONS to whome these presents shall come, GREETINGE in our Lord God Everlasting:
WHEREAS, Benois Brasseuir, late of Virginia and Subject of the Crowne of France, having transported himeselfe, his wife, and children into this Province here to inhabite, hath besought us to grant hime, the said Benois Brasseuir, leave here to inhabite, and, as a free dennizen, freedome land to hime and his heires to purchase; KNOWE yee that wee, willing to give due encouragement to other subjects of that Crowne, doe hereby declare them, the said Benois Brasseuir, his wife and children, as well those allready borne as those therafter to bee borne, to bee free dennizens of this our Province of Maryland; and doe further for us, our heires & successors straightly enjoyne, constitute, ordeine and command the said Benois Brasseuir be in all things held, treated reputed, and esteemed as one of the faythfull people of us, our heires and successors, borne with this our Province of Maryland, and likewise any lands, tenaments, revenues, services, and other heriditam'ts whatsoever with our said Province of Maryland, freely, quietly, and peaceably have and possess, occupie, and enjoy as our faythfull people, borne or to bee borne with our said Province of the Maryland , without the lett, molestatione, vexacon, trouble, or grievance of us, our heires, and successsors, any custome to the contrary hereof of any wise not withstanding.
GIVEN at St. Marys, under the Greate Seale of our said Province of Maryland, this fourth day of Decemb'r, in the one and thirtyth yeare of our dominion over the said Province, Annoq Domini one thowsand six hundred sixty-two.
WITNESS our deare son and heire, Charles Calvert, Esq'r, our Leiuetenn't of our said Province of Maryland.
Charles Calvert
[Council Proceedings, Hall of Records of Maryland, Liber HH, ff. 157, 158]
See Brashear and McCoy, A Brashear(s) Family History, Vol. 1, The First 200 Years of Brashear(s) in America and Some Descendants in Maryland, 31 August 1998.
CAELCILTUS, absolute Lord and proprietary of the Province of Maryland & Avalon Lord Barron of Baltemore, &c,
TO ALL PERSONS to whome these presents shall come, GREETINGE in our Lord God Everlasting:
WHEREAS, Benois Brasseuir, late of Virginia and Subject of the Crowne of France, having transported himeselfe, his wife, and children into this Province here to inhabite, hath besought us to grant hime, the said Benois Brasseuir, leave here to inhabite, and, as a free dennizen, freedome land to hime and his heires to purchase; KNOWE yee that wee, willing to give due encouragement to other subjects of that Crowne, doe hereby declare them, the said Benois Brasseuir, his wife and children, as well those allready borne as those therafter to bee borne, to bee free dennizens of this our Province of Maryland; and doe further for us, our heires & successors straightly enjoyne, constitute, ordeine and command the said Benois Brasseuir be in all things held, treated reputed, and esteemed as one of the faythfull people of us, our heires and successors, borne with this our Province of Maryland, and likewise any lands, tenaments, revenues, services, and other heriditam'ts whatsoever with our said Province of Maryland, freely, quietly, and peaceably have and possess, occupie, and enjoy as our faythfull people, borne or to bee borne with our said Province of the Maryland , without the lett, molestatione, vexacon, trouble, or grievance of us, our heires, and successsors, any custome to the contrary hereof of any wise not withstanding.
GIVEN at St. Marys, under the Greate Seale of our said Province of Maryland, this fourth day of Decemb'r, in the one and thirtyth yeare of our dominion over the said Province, Annoq Domini one thowsand six hundred sixty-two.
WITNESS our deare son and heire, Charles Calvert, Esq'r, our Leiuetenn't of our said Province of Maryland.
Charles Calvert
[Council Proceedings, Hall of Records of Maryland, Liber HH, ff. 157, 158]
See Brashear and McCoy, A Brashear(s) Family History, Vol. 1, The First 200 Years of Brashear(s) in America and Some Descendants in Maryland, 31 August 1998.
Sunday, April 4, 2010
Susannah Brasseur/Brashier
Susannah Brasseur was the second (possibly third, if he had an unknown wife in France) wife of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant, and the mother of several of his children, including Mareen Duvall the Younger, the ancestor of Ellis Duvall and his children J. Forest Duvall and Wilma Gladys Duvall Whittlesey. Susannah is believed to have been born in Nansemond County, Virginia about 1650. Susannah was the daughter of Benjamin (Benois) Brasseur who was believed to have been married to Mary Richford. Susannah died in Anne Arundel County, Maryland in 1692 when her son, Mareen Duvall the Younger, was only 12 years old.
Susannah moved with her family to Calvert County, Maryland in about 1658; she was about 8 years old. She was naturalized, along with her parents and siblings, in Virginia 4 December 1662 by Lord Charles Calvert. She and Mareen Duvall the Emigrant married about 1674 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Little is known about Susannah other than through information about her husband. It is speculated that she died in childbirth and that she did not leave a will.
It should be noted that the name "Brasseur" has been spelled many different ways, including: Brashier, Brashear, Brassures, Brassieurs, etc.. "Brashear" evolved to be the most common spelling.
Credit needs to be given to Charles Brashear and Shirley Brashear McCoy who have researched and written the most comprehensive series of books on the Brashear family. I have relied heavily on Brashear and McCoy, A Brashear(s) Family History, Vol. 1, The First 200 Years of Brashear(s) in America and Some Descendants in Maryland, 31 August 1998. For more information and to order a copy of the book, go to http://www.charlesbrashear.com/Family_Histories/Genealogies.htm
Susannah moved with her family to Calvert County, Maryland in about 1658; she was about 8 years old. She was naturalized, along with her parents and siblings, in Virginia 4 December 1662 by Lord Charles Calvert. She and Mareen Duvall the Emigrant married about 1674 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Little is known about Susannah other than through information about her husband. It is speculated that she died in childbirth and that she did not leave a will.
It should be noted that the name "Brasseur" has been spelled many different ways, including: Brashier, Brashear, Brassures, Brassieurs, etc.. "Brashear" evolved to be the most common spelling.
Credit needs to be given to Charles Brashear and Shirley Brashear McCoy who have researched and written the most comprehensive series of books on the Brashear family. I have relied heavily on Brashear and McCoy, A Brashear(s) Family History, Vol. 1, The First 200 Years of Brashear(s) in America and Some Descendants in Maryland, 31 August 1998. For more information and to order a copy of the book, go to http://www.charlesbrashear.com/Family_Histories/Genealogies.htm
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Mayenne Archives Website
The Archives for Mayenne (Laval is located in the Department of Mayenne) has a website that should be of interest to those researching ancestors from that Department (similar to "county" in the US): http://www.lamayenne.fr/?SectionId=312 .
Other Marin Duval's in France
Mareen Duvall the Emigrant was not the only Marin Duval in France in the 1600's. In attempting to find more about the ancestry of the Emigrant I found first, and to me most interesting, a Marin Duval who was buried 10 Jan 1649 in Alencon, Normandy. Interestingly, Alencon was one of the first cities in France to adopt Calvanism (Huguenots were essentially Calvanists). It became a hotbed of the Reformation. Many Protestants fled Alencon for England, the Netherlands, or the Channel Islands. http://www.ville-alencon.fr/alencon.asp?idpage=10659 . Could the Marin Duval who died in Alencon in 1649 be the father of Mareenn Duval the Emigrant, or in some way be related to him?
There was another Marin Duval in the 1600's in the Normandy region. A Marin Duval married a Noelle Laisne 27 Nov 1632 in La Coulonche, Department of Ome, in Basse - Normande (Lower Normandy). They had 3 children: Marie, Martine and Francoise, all born within a few years of Marin and Noelle's marriage.
In Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation, p. 21, Harry Wright Newman writes about a Marin Duval "who on December 2, 1651, took an oath before the Norman Parliament at Rouen as Special Civil Lieutenant for Andleys.*" Notably, Rouen is the historic capital city of Normandy. Newman questions whether this may have been Mareen Duval the Emigrant, noting that the Emigrant, at the time of his death had legal books in his library, and that a civil lieutenant would have had some understanding of the law.
Laval, where it is believed Mareen Duval the Emigrant had probably lived, is in the Department of Mayenne, Pays-de-la-Loire (Loire Valley), which is bordered by Normandy. We may never know who the ancestors of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant were, but it should be noteworthy that at least 3 Marin Duval's were in Normandy at the time Mareen Duval the Emigrant probably lived in the region.
There was another Marin Duval in the 1600's in the Normandy region. A Marin Duval married a Noelle Laisne 27 Nov 1632 in La Coulonche, Department of Ome, in Basse - Normande (Lower Normandy). They had 3 children: Marie, Martine and Francoise, all born within a few years of Marin and Noelle's marriage.
In Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation, p. 21, Harry Wright Newman writes about a Marin Duval "who on December 2, 1651, took an oath before the Norman Parliament at Rouen as Special Civil Lieutenant for Andleys.*" Notably, Rouen is the historic capital city of Normandy. Newman questions whether this may have been Mareen Duval the Emigrant, noting that the Emigrant, at the time of his death had legal books in his library, and that a civil lieutenant would have had some understanding of the law.
Laval, where it is believed Mareen Duval the Emigrant had probably lived, is in the Department of Mayenne, Pays-de-la-Loire (Loire Valley), which is bordered by Normandy. We may never know who the ancestors of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant were, but it should be noteworthy that at least 3 Marin Duval's were in Normandy at the time Mareen Duval the Emigrant probably lived in the region.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
Inventory of Personal Estate of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant
That Mareen Duvall was a wealthy man is evident from his Last Will and Testament in which he leaves large parcels of land to his many children. It is also evident from the Inventory of his personal estate. He clearly had the "finer things in life" especially when one considers that he died in 1694, over 300 years ago.
Money Sterling 1 17 6
Silver plate 182 ounzes 46 5 2
HALL
One ffeather bed & bolster, Curtaines, Valians, rugg & blanketts, 2 pillows, 1 straw bed, bedsteed & cord 6 0 0
CHAMBER
2 Tables, 5 Carpetts, 1 Chest & 10 Prussia Leather Chaires 5 0 0
Looking Glass, 1 warming pann, 1 pr. Andirons, 2 law books 3 4 6
CHAMBER OVER IT
1 ffether bed & bolster, 2 pillow, 1 rugg, 2 blankets, Curtains & valians, 1 Straw bed, bedsteed & Cord 4 0 0
7 Prussia Leather Chaires, 1 old Table & 1 small chest 2 7 0
1 Looking Glass, 1 Child bed baskett & 2 Callico Curtains 0 9 0
SOUTH LOWER CHAMBER
1 ffeather bed, bolster, 2 pillows, 1 rugg, 2 blanketts, 1 Straw bed, curtains & vallins, bedsteed & cord 6 0 0
1 Large Looking Glass & 1 trunk & 1 Table 2 17 0
1 Chest of Drawers & 1 Large Chest 1 7 0
8 Prussia Leather Chaires, Andirons, Showell & tonges 2 18 0
CHAMBER OVER IT
2 ffeather beds, 2 bolsters, 4 pillows, 2 ruggs, 2 blankets, 2 Straw beds, 2 bedsteeds, 2 cords & 4 suits of
Curtains & Vallins 7 5 3
2 Trunks, 3 Chest, 8 fflagg brooms & 1 payle 1 18 3
3 lb peper, 7 oz cloves & mace & 23 ouz nutmeggs 0 14 0
82 lb of Musconade Sugar 1 7 4
14 lb Candles, 6 wooden pudding dishes & poringers 0 8 3
1 fflock bed & bolster 1 6 0
MIDDLE ROOME
2 Cases Knifes & forks 1 3 0
1 old couch, couch bed, pillow & match coate & a cubbard, Table Carpett and Trunk & 2 small boxes 2 6 6
3 Gunns 1 7 0
KITCHIN
2 Large brass Kettles, 1 stew pann, 1 small kettle, six Candle Sticks, Several Snuffers, Skinner,
Ladle & old brass 4 19 0
2 tinn Lanthornes, 2 ffish plates, 2 cullinders 0 5 0
2 Iron Dripping panns, 1 old Chaffering Dish, 1 paine 0 15 0
2 Coll mettle Skillets, 1 morter & pestle 1 0 0
286 ¼ lb of pewter 11 18 0
2 tinn sause painns, 1 fundell, 1 doz round Trenchers, 1 ½ doz spoons 0 4 0
2 box Irons & heaters, 1 doz iron sewers & 2 flasketts 0 11 0
98 lb wrought Iron spitts, crowhooks, pott hooks 1 0 0
6 Iron potts weighing 198 lb 1 13 0
1 pr Large Andirons 1 15 0
1 old Table, 1 forme, 1 halfe bushell, 1 bred tray, 2 payles 0 10 0
KITCHIN CHAMBER
3 fflock beds, 3 ruggs, 6 blanketts & 4 bolsters 1 0 0
Harnes for two horses & 8 lb feathers 1 4 0
Mareen Duvall was a merchant and as such had a store, probably located on Middle Plantation. The estate inventory of the store gives us an idea of what sort of things people purchased at that time in colonial history:
OLD STORE HOUSE
3 paire of fetters & 1 Curry comb 0 11 6
1 Suite of old Curtaines & vallins & 7 bed cords 0 11 3
22 paire men french falls 3 6 0
23 men pollonias 2 6 0
Paire Boys pollonais 0 15 0
18 women french falls 1 19 0
14 paire of Boys falls 1 8 0
12 paire Girlls falls 1 2 0
Woodmill Stockins (3 pr moth eaten) 1 0 0
314 - of Soape 9 3 3
14 women's straw hats & 9 girlls 0 19 7
2 Leather Otters & raines & Drapier girts 0 7 2
1 Snafle bridle & 1 paire stirup Leathers 0 2 0
4 Gotten wooke, 4 Gimblets, 1 Trowell 0 11 2
20 Black hafted knifes & 1 Ivory 0 5 6
3 Doz ha: Sizers, 11 doz thred laces 0 14 0
3 men felt hats & 3 boys 0 15 0
17 of brown & colloured thred 1 18 3
13 ½ Doz Needles, 18 doz ¼ browne thred 0 2 2
8 Gall of Mollasses, 1 Course Towell & 1 cooper rod 0 14 0
11 m pinns, 5 pr fine filliting 0 13 3
1 pr of Cullen tape & 4 pr of blew 0 9 0
37 ½ doz thred buttons 0 5 4
¾ Silke & 3 muzlin Neckecloths 0 16 6
16 paire of Mens Gloves & 2 ½ thimbles 0 13 0
3 paire Girles Gloves & 12 yds fine holland tape 0 2 6
2 paire Girlls Paragon bodies 0 11 0
6 doz horne Combs & 3 old Ivory Combs & a brush 0 9 3
15 horne Combs & 3 paire small tobacco tongs 0 4 0
13 yards filliting 0 1 0
844 hobb nailes & 4 Nayles 0 1 3
9 Stock Locks & 13 Staples 0 12 0
3 paire Sheep Sheares & 2 Spring Locks & Staples 0 4 8
7 Mill pecks, 1 Could Chisel & a wrench 0 4 6
1 Gunn Lock & 11 doz Coate Silke buttons 0 8 0
18 ½ doz white thread buttons & a parecell of thred 0 2 0
42 yards black Duffells 4 18 0
10 yards broad claothe 3 6 0
2 peices thick Kersey 3 6 0
69 yards Cotton 3 9 0
10 yards Red plaines, 5 ½ yds Peniston, & 14 paire of wollen women stockins 1 18 0
33 paire of mens ditto 2 9 6
4 paire women worsted 0 10 0
9 paire Children wollen 0 6 0
23 paire Boys 0 19 2
5 paire mens 0 7 6
10 paire men worsted 1 13 0
4 pr Sarge 7 4 0
5 ½ yds Sarge 0 9 7
36 yards flock bed Tickin 1 10 0
48 Ells of fine holland 0 16 3
35 fine Dowlas 4 2 5
33 Ells ditto 3 0 6
48 Ells ditto 3 12 0
16 ¼ ells ditto 1 4 4
93 ½ Ells Canvas 6 4 8
70 Ells English Canvas 2 18 11
2 Ells fine dutch Holland 20 Dowlas 0 3 4
12 Sugar 0 4 0
7 yards broad painted lynin 0 7 0
10 pr Large Girlls wollen Stockings 0 11 8
2 paire Silver Buckles 0 8 0
164 Ells Browne Ozenbriggs 6 16 8
194 Ells English Canvas 8 2 3
18 peices blew Linnen Cont 14 7 5
1 peice painted Callico 0 10 0
1 yard Striped Crape & 4 ½ yds Striped Stuff 0 8 3
1 peice white Dinnety 1 9 0
66 Dowlas 5 11 3
76 Ells ditto 5 14 9
9 14 Ells Course Lining 0 12 3
1 box wafers & 1 Lansett 0 1 0
13 Sickles 0 14 1
8 Grubing howds & 3 drawing Knives 0 12 4
2 broad howds & 29 Narrow ditto 1 6 8
8 38 Narrow Axes 2 19 8
240 Gun flints 0 4 6
22 lb Bulletts & 63 lb Drop Short 0 13 0
18 ½ goose Shott 1 4 0
1 pwll of old Brass & old Iron & 81 pottle bottles 2 8 6
116 lb home made Cheese & 120 lb Butter 4 8 0
1 Bell & a small Trunke 0 7 0
26 Gallons of Rum 5 4 0
82 quart bottles 1 0 6
40 lb Powder 2 0 0
8 lb of Lead 0 1 0
5880 5 p Nayles 0 14 8
250 30 p Nailes 0 4 4
7000 8 p ditto 1 4 6
2 paire Scales & a sett of weights 0 5 6
2 paire Large Steele yards & 1 pr Lesser 1 14 0
4 Stone Juggs & 1 fine sifter 0 6 9
8 Large Chests & 1 Small ditto 4 1 0
4 Baggs at 18 each & Ells & yards 0 6 9
4 frying panns 0 11 0
45 Bushells of Indian Corne. 2 14 0
3 lb whele bone 0 7 0
A parcell of old working Tooles 0 9 0
1 paire Cart Wheeles 0 15 0
PATUXON QUARTER
1 Iron Pott, 4 old cask, 1 earthen Milk pann 0 6 6
1 Large Canvas bed tick & 1 old Rugg 0 5 0
14 hoghead Tobacco at Marsh Quarter not Markable 6 0 0
MIDLE PLANTAON
9 hoghds Tobacco at the Fox pond 2 not marcchble 6 0 0
4 hoghds & 200 not at hand 4 10 0
4 hoghds Ground Leafe 1 0 0
MILK HOUSE
1 churne, 3 butter potts, 1 Table, 2 Glasses
QUARTERS
2 hand mills, 1 pistle, t spade, 1 Green stone 2 6 6
1 Rugg & Cannis tickes 0 7 0
old syder caskes 0 7 0
1 pr maul rings, 9 wedges & 1 cros cut saw 0 12 0
1 broad ax, 1 hand saw, 2 Lathin hamers & 1 gough 0 4 0
LINEN QUARTERS
3 fine large sheets, 2 paire fine sheets 2 12 0
5 paire Course ditto, 5 pake old Cannis ditto 2 15 0
3 paire Course browne Ozen brigs 0 18 0
10 Dowlas pillowboards, 6 course pillowboards 1 0 0
7 fine pillow beares & 1 old ditto 0 14 6
6 Cubert Cloth, 1 mantle cloth, & 4 sister Cloths 0 7 6
6 Long old diaper table cloth & 16 napkins 1 10 0
1 old Damask table cloth, 3 old napkins 0 6 0
1 New Ozenbrig table cloth, 1 doz. napkins 0 12 0
1 old ozenbrig table cloth & 8 new dowlas Towells 0 18 0
2 old Diaper Towells & 2 old Dowlas ditto 0 4 0
4 Callico window curtains & 1 child Damask mantle 0 9 6
2 brushes, a comb case, & 4 books 0 3 6
14 old quart Caske 1 8 0
1 Sadle & bridle & 3 old padds 0 17 0
6 ½ bushells Bay Salt & 4 bushells of white Salt 2 2 0
AT MIDDLE PLANTATION
3 Large Barowes 2 5 0
4 Large Barowes & 4 sows 4 16 0
9 Sows 2 5 0
8 Small hoggs 1 8 0
1 Sow & 4 Shoats 0 14 0
9 Small Shoats 0 18 0
22 Smaller Shoats 1 7 6
1 Two Years old Bull 0 12 0
3 2-yeares old heifers & 2 two-yeares old Steeres 5 0 0
3 Large Steers 8 10 0
13 Cowes & calfes 29 5 0
1 Cow 2 0 0
1 Horse Called black Thom 4,-,-
1 Horse called Sparke 4,-,-
1 Mare called Sary 3,-,- 18 0 0
1 horse called Paule 5,-,-
1 old horse Called Symon -,10,-
1 3-yeare old Geldying Called Ladd 2,-,-
PATUXON QUARTER
4 Steers 7-yeares old 12,-,-
1 " 4-Yeares old & heifer 4,-,-
2 Steeres 3-yeares old & heifer 4,-,- 28 0 0
2 heifers 2-yeares old each 2,-,-
2 Calfes & Calves & 2 Yearlings 5,10,-
GREAT MARSH QUARTER
1 Gunn 4 foote Long 0 9 0
4 Large sows & piggs 2 0 0
27 young sows & barrows 9 10 0
1 Iron ketle, 1 frying pan, & 1 pester 0 7 0
1 paire Maule rings, 3 wedges & o cross cut saw 0 9 0
A Barrell of old Tooles 0 3 0
1 old bed Tick, 1 old Rugg 0 4 0
14 New Tobacco hoghds 0 14 0
1 old Grinding Stone. 0 5 0
26 ½ Bushells Wheate 4 2 9
4 ½ Bushells Beanes 0 11 3
39 Bushells Indian Peas 5 17 0
81 Barrills Indian Corne 28 7 0
Included in the property inventory of Mareen Duvall's personal estate were his slaves:
SLAVES
1 Negro named Sacose 28,-,-
1 ditto named Johny Boy 28,-,-
1 ditto Named Toby 27,-,-
1 ditto named Robin 27,-,-
1 ditto named Will 27,-,-
1 ditto named Tony 27,-,-
1 ditto Named Peter 22,-,-
1 Negro Boy named Mingo 26,-,-
1 ditto named Samson 26,-,- 412 0 0
1 ditto named Jacob 26,-,-
1 ditto named Simon 26,-,-
Negro woman named Betty 26,-,-
ditto named Jenny 25,-,-
ditto named Hester 25,-,-
ditto named Janu old 20,-,-
Negro Girll named Kate 10,-,-
ditto named Sary 10,-,-
Negro Boy named Jemey 6,-,-
860 ffoott Blanke 3 11 0
The Inventory of the Personal Estate of Mareen Duvall
The Deceased wearein apparell 18 14 9
Money Sterling 1 17 6
Silver plate 182 ounzes 46 5 2
HALL
One ffeather bed & bolster, Curtaines, Valians, rugg & blanketts, 2 pillows, 1 straw bed, bedsteed & cord 6 0 0
CHAMBER
2 Tables, 5 Carpetts, 1 Chest & 10 Prussia Leather Chaires 5 0 0
Looking Glass, 1 warming pann, 1 pr. Andirons, 2 law books 3 4 6
CHAMBER OVER IT
1 ffether bed & bolster, 2 pillow, 1 rugg, 2 blankets, Curtains & valians, 1 Straw bed, bedsteed & Cord 4 0 0
7 Prussia Leather Chaires, 1 old Table & 1 small chest 2 7 0
1 Looking Glass, 1 Child bed baskett & 2 Callico Curtains 0 9 0
SOUTH LOWER CHAMBER
1 ffeather bed, bolster, 2 pillows, 1 rugg, 2 blanketts, 1 Straw bed, curtains & vallins, bedsteed & cord 6 0 0
1 Large Looking Glass & 1 trunk & 1 Table 2 17 0
1 Chest of Drawers & 1 Large Chest 1 7 0
8 Prussia Leather Chaires, Andirons, Showell & tonges 2 18 0
CHAMBER OVER IT
2 ffeather beds, 2 bolsters, 4 pillows, 2 ruggs, 2 blankets, 2 Straw beds, 2 bedsteeds, 2 cords & 4 suits of
Curtains & Vallins 7 5 3
2 Trunks, 3 Chest, 8 fflagg brooms & 1 payle 1 18 3
3 lb peper, 7 oz cloves & mace & 23 ouz nutmeggs 0 14 0
82 lb of Musconade Sugar 1 7 4
14 lb Candles, 6 wooden pudding dishes & poringers 0 8 3
1 fflock bed & bolster 1 6 0
MIDDLE ROOME
2 Cases Knifes & forks 1 3 0
1 old couch, couch bed, pillow & match coate & a cubbard, Table Carpett and Trunk & 2 small boxes 2 6 6
3 Gunns 1 7 0
KITCHIN
2 Large brass Kettles, 1 stew pann, 1 small kettle, six Candle Sticks, Several Snuffers, Skinner,
Ladle & old brass 4 19 0
2 tinn Lanthornes, 2 ffish plates, 2 cullinders 0 5 0
2 Iron Dripping panns, 1 old Chaffering Dish, 1 paine 0 15 0
2 Coll mettle Skillets, 1 morter & pestle 1 0 0
286 ¼ lb of pewter 11 18 0
2 tinn sause painns, 1 fundell, 1 doz round Trenchers, 1 ½ doz spoons 0 4 0
2 box Irons & heaters, 1 doz iron sewers & 2 flasketts 0 11 0
98 lb wrought Iron spitts, crowhooks, pott hooks 1 0 0
6 Iron potts weighing 198 lb 1 13 0
1 pr Large Andirons 1 15 0
1 old Table, 1 forme, 1 halfe bushell, 1 bred tray, 2 payles 0 10 0
KITCHIN CHAMBER
3 fflock beds, 3 ruggs, 6 blanketts & 4 bolsters 1 0 0
Harnes for two horses & 8 lb feathers 1 4 0
Mareen Duvall was a merchant and as such had a store, probably located on Middle Plantation. The estate inventory of the store gives us an idea of what sort of things people purchased at that time in colonial history:
OLD STORE HOUSE
3 paire of fetters & 1 Curry comb 0 11 6
1 Suite of old Curtaines & vallins & 7 bed cords 0 11 3
22 paire men french falls 3 6 0
23 men pollonias 2 6 0
Paire Boys pollonais 0 15 0
18 women french falls 1 19 0
14 paire of Boys falls 1 8 0
12 paire Girlls falls 1 2 0
Woodmill Stockins (3 pr moth eaten) 1 0 0
314 - of Soape 9 3 3
14 women's straw hats & 9 girlls 0 19 7
2 Leather Otters & raines & Drapier girts 0 7 2
1 Snafle bridle & 1 paire stirup Leathers 0 2 0
4 Gotten wooke, 4 Gimblets, 1 Trowell 0 11 2
20 Black hafted knifes & 1 Ivory 0 5 6
3 Doz ha: Sizers, 11 doz thred laces 0 14 0
3 men felt hats & 3 boys 0 15 0
17 of brown & colloured thred 1 18 3
13 ½ Doz Needles, 18 doz ¼ browne thred 0 2 2
8 Gall of Mollasses, 1 Course Towell & 1 cooper rod 0 14 0
11 m pinns, 5 pr fine filliting 0 13 3
1 pr of Cullen tape & 4 pr of blew 0 9 0
37 ½ doz thred buttons 0 5 4
¾ Silke & 3 muzlin Neckecloths 0 16 6
16 paire of Mens Gloves & 2 ½ thimbles 0 13 0
3 paire Girles Gloves & 12 yds fine holland tape 0 2 6
2 paire Girlls Paragon bodies 0 11 0
6 doz horne Combs & 3 old Ivory Combs & a brush 0 9 3
15 horne Combs & 3 paire small tobacco tongs 0 4 0
13 yards filliting 0 1 0
844 hobb nailes & 4 Nayles 0 1 3
9 Stock Locks & 13 Staples 0 12 0
3 paire Sheep Sheares & 2 Spring Locks & Staples 0 4 8
7 Mill pecks, 1 Could Chisel & a wrench 0 4 6
1 Gunn Lock & 11 doz Coate Silke buttons 0 8 0
18 ½ doz white thread buttons & a parecell of thred 0 2 0
42 yards black Duffells 4 18 0
10 yards broad claothe 3 6 0
2 peices thick Kersey 3 6 0
69 yards Cotton 3 9 0
10 yards Red plaines, 5 ½ yds Peniston, & 14 paire of wollen women stockins 1 18 0
33 paire of mens ditto 2 9 6
4 paire women worsted 0 10 0
9 paire Children wollen 0 6 0
23 paire Boys 0 19 2
5 paire mens 0 7 6
10 paire men worsted 1 13 0
4 pr Sarge 7 4 0
5 ½ yds Sarge 0 9 7
36 yards flock bed Tickin 1 10 0
48 Ells of fine holland 0 16 3
35 fine Dowlas 4 2 5
33 Ells ditto 3 0 6
48 Ells ditto 3 12 0
16 ¼ ells ditto 1 4 4
93 ½ Ells Canvas 6 4 8
70 Ells English Canvas 2 18 11
2 Ells fine dutch Holland 20 Dowlas 0 3 4
12 Sugar 0 4 0
7 yards broad painted lynin 0 7 0
10 pr Large Girlls wollen Stockings 0 11 8
2 paire Silver Buckles 0 8 0
164 Ells Browne Ozenbriggs 6 16 8
194 Ells English Canvas 8 2 3
18 peices blew Linnen Cont 14 7 5
1 peice painted Callico 0 10 0
1 yard Striped Crape & 4 ½ yds Striped Stuff 0 8 3
1 peice white Dinnety 1 9 0
66 Dowlas 5 11 3
76 Ells ditto 5 14 9
9 14 Ells Course Lining 0 12 3
1 box wafers & 1 Lansett 0 1 0
13 Sickles 0 14 1
8 Grubing howds & 3 drawing Knives 0 12 4
2 broad howds & 29 Narrow ditto 1 6 8
8 38 Narrow Axes 2 19 8
240 Gun flints 0 4 6
22 lb Bulletts & 63 lb Drop Short 0 13 0
18 ½ goose Shott 1 4 0
1 pwll of old Brass & old Iron & 81 pottle bottles 2 8 6
116 lb home made Cheese & 120 lb Butter 4 8 0
1 Bell & a small Trunke 0 7 0
26 Gallons of Rum 5 4 0
82 quart bottles 1 0 6
40 lb Powder 2 0 0
8 lb of Lead 0 1 0
5880 5 p Nayles 0 14 8
250 30 p Nailes 0 4 4
7000 8 p ditto 1 4 6
2 paire Scales & a sett of weights 0 5 6
2 paire Large Steele yards & 1 pr Lesser 1 14 0
4 Stone Juggs & 1 fine sifter 0 6 9
8 Large Chests & 1 Small ditto 4 1 0
4 Baggs at 18 each & Ells & yards 0 6 9
4 frying panns 0 11 0
45 Bushells of Indian Corne. 2 14 0
3 lb whele bone 0 7 0
A parcell of old working Tooles 0 9 0
1 paire Cart Wheeles 0 15 0
PATUXON QUARTER
1 Iron Pott, 4 old cask, 1 earthen Milk pann 0 6 6
1 Large Canvas bed tick & 1 old Rugg 0 5 0
14 hoghead Tobacco at Marsh Quarter not Markable 6 0 0
MIDLE PLANTAON
9 hoghds Tobacco at the Fox pond 2 not marcchble 6 0 0
4 hoghds & 200 not at hand 4 10 0
4 hoghds Ground Leafe 1 0 0
MILK HOUSE
1 churne, 3 butter potts, 1 Table, 2 Glasses
QUARTERS
2 hand mills, 1 pistle, t spade, 1 Green stone 2 6 6
1 Rugg & Cannis tickes 0 7 0
old syder caskes 0 7 0
1 pr maul rings, 9 wedges & 1 cros cut saw 0 12 0
1 broad ax, 1 hand saw, 2 Lathin hamers & 1 gough 0 4 0
LINEN QUARTERS
3 fine large sheets, 2 paire fine sheets 2 12 0
5 paire Course ditto, 5 pake old Cannis ditto 2 15 0
3 paire Course browne Ozen brigs 0 18 0
10 Dowlas pillowboards, 6 course pillowboards 1 0 0
7 fine pillow beares & 1 old ditto 0 14 6
6 Cubert Cloth, 1 mantle cloth, & 4 sister Cloths 0 7 6
6 Long old diaper table cloth & 16 napkins 1 10 0
1 old Damask table cloth, 3 old napkins 0 6 0
1 New Ozenbrig table cloth, 1 doz. napkins 0 12 0
1 old ozenbrig table cloth & 8 new dowlas Towells 0 18 0
2 old Diaper Towells & 2 old Dowlas ditto 0 4 0
4 Callico window curtains & 1 child Damask mantle 0 9 6
2 brushes, a comb case, & 4 books 0 3 6
14 old quart Caske 1 8 0
1 Sadle & bridle & 3 old padds 0 17 0
6 ½ bushells Bay Salt & 4 bushells of white Salt 2 2 0
AT MIDDLE PLANTATION
3 Large Barowes 2 5 0
4 Large Barowes & 4 sows 4 16 0
9 Sows 2 5 0
8 Small hoggs 1 8 0
1 Sow & 4 Shoats 0 14 0
9 Small Shoats 0 18 0
22 Smaller Shoats 1 7 6
1 Two Years old Bull 0 12 0
3 2-yeares old heifers & 2 two-yeares old Steeres 5 0 0
3 Large Steers 8 10 0
13 Cowes & calfes 29 5 0
1 Cow 2 0 0
1 Horse Called black Thom 4,-,-
1 Horse called Sparke 4,-,-
1 Mare called Sary 3,-,- 18 0 0
1 horse called Paule 5,-,-
1 old horse Called Symon -,10,-
1 3-yeare old Geldying Called Ladd 2,-,-
PATUXON QUARTER
4 Steers 7-yeares old 12,-,-
1 " 4-Yeares old & heifer 4,-,-
2 Steeres 3-yeares old & heifer 4,-,- 28 0 0
2 heifers 2-yeares old each 2,-,-
2 Calfes & Calves & 2 Yearlings 5,10,-
GREAT MARSH QUARTER
1 Gunn 4 foote Long 0 9 0
4 Large sows & piggs 2 0 0
27 young sows & barrows 9 10 0
1 Iron ketle, 1 frying pan, & 1 pester 0 7 0
1 paire Maule rings, 3 wedges & o cross cut saw 0 9 0
A Barrell of old Tooles 0 3 0
1 old bed Tick, 1 old Rugg 0 4 0
14 New Tobacco hoghds 0 14 0
1 old Grinding Stone. 0 5 0
26 ½ Bushells Wheate 4 2 9
4 ½ Bushells Beanes 0 11 3
39 Bushells Indian Peas 5 17 0
81 Barrills Indian Corne 28 7 0
Included in the property inventory of Mareen Duvall's personal estate were his slaves:
SLAVES
1 Negro named Sacose 28,-,-
1 ditto named Johny Boy 28,-,-
1 ditto Named Toby 27,-,-
1 ditto named Robin 27,-,-
1 ditto named Will 27,-,-
1 ditto named Tony 27,-,-
1 ditto Named Peter 22,-,-
1 Negro Boy named Mingo 26,-,-
1 ditto named Samson 26,-,- 412 0 0
1 ditto named Jacob 26,-,-
1 ditto named Simon 26,-,-
Negro woman named Betty 26,-,-
ditto named Jenny 25,-,-
ditto named Hester 25,-,-
ditto named Janu old 20,-,-
Negro Girll named Kate 10,-,-
ditto named Sary 10,-,-
Negro Boy named Jemey 6,-,-
860 ffoott Blanke 3 11 0
Thursday, March 11, 2010
The Wives of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant
We know that it is entirely possible that Mareen Duvall married for the first time when he was still living in France (see "Was Mareen Duvall First Married in France?" March 3, 2010 blog post). It is believed that he married first in Maryland about 1658, but there is no definite proof as to who his wife was, other than that her name was Mary. It is probable that she was the "Mary Dewall" named as an heir in the will of Thomas Bouth of Calvert County, but what her relationshipe was to Mr. Bouth is unknown as he died without issue. One could guess that she might have been a niece of Thomas Bouth. It is believed that she is the mother of the first five children of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant. It is doubtful that Mary was the natural mother of John Duvall as there is no record of any landrights claimed for any female Duvall transported to Maryland. However, it is probably that she is the mother of Mareen the Elder born 1661, Lewis, Samuel born 1667, and Eleanor.
It is believed that the second Maryland wife of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant was Susannah Brasseur. As she was the mother of Mareen Duvall the Younger, and a direct ancestor of Ellis Duvall and his descendants, more will be written about Susannah Brasseur in a separate posting. It is believed that Mareen and Susannah married about 1673 or 1674 and had the following children : Susannah born about 1677, Mareen the Younger born about 1680, Catherine, Elizabeth, Mary, Johanna born about 1685, and Benjamin.
The third Maryland wife of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant was a woman named Mary. Mareen and Mary had no offspring and there was clearly tension between her and some of Mareen's children. There was a bitter dispute over Mareen's estate, a final accounting was not filed until more than five years after Mareen's death, and by then much of the "liquid assets" (money and tobacco) of the estate had vanished. Also, a few years after his father's death, Mareen the Younger filed in court to have his brother made his guardian as he said his stepmother was not providing proper care of him or his future estate; Mary had remarried by then to a Col. Henry Ridgely who's wealth and influence were pronounced; Col. Ridgely argued vehemently that his stepson was well cared for and Mareen the Younger's request was denied and he was ordered to return to the home of his stepparents and threatened with a thrashing by the court. After the death of Col. Ridgely, the now very wealthy widow married for a third time to the Rev. Jacob Henderson, rector of Queen Anne's Parish, and a powerful and wealthy man in his own right.
It is believed that the second Maryland wife of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant was Susannah Brasseur. As she was the mother of Mareen Duvall the Younger, and a direct ancestor of Ellis Duvall and his descendants, more will be written about Susannah Brasseur in a separate posting. It is believed that Mareen and Susannah married about 1673 or 1674 and had the following children : Susannah born about 1677, Mareen the Younger born about 1680, Catherine, Elizabeth, Mary, Johanna born about 1685, and Benjamin.
The third Maryland wife of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant was a woman named Mary. Mareen and Mary had no offspring and there was clearly tension between her and some of Mareen's children. There was a bitter dispute over Mareen's estate, a final accounting was not filed until more than five years after Mareen's death, and by then much of the "liquid assets" (money and tobacco) of the estate had vanished. Also, a few years after his father's death, Mareen the Younger filed in court to have his brother made his guardian as he said his stepmother was not providing proper care of him or his future estate; Mary had remarried by then to a Col. Henry Ridgely who's wealth and influence were pronounced; Col. Ridgely argued vehemently that his stepson was well cared for and Mareen the Younger's request was denied and he was ordered to return to the home of his stepparents and threatened with a thrashing by the court. After the death of Col. Ridgely, the now very wealthy widow married for a third time to the Rev. Jacob Henderson, rector of Queen Anne's Parish, and a powerful and wealthy man in his own right.
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
Was Mareen Duvall first Married in France?
It is very possible that Mareen Duvall the Emigrant first married in France (or England) before immigrating to Maryland. We know that his eldest son was named John based on the 1694 Anne Arundel County court record of the probate of Mareen Duvall's will: "John Duvall (eldest son) was granted administration." Abstracts of the Testamentary Proceedings of the Prerogative Court of Maryland. Volume VII: 1693-1697. Libers 15B, 15C, 16. Vernon L. Skinner, Jr. . (2006), Page 62. We also know that a John Duvall was transported to Maryland prior to 1678 as Captain John Dingley obtained landrights for importing 180 settlers, one of whom was John Duvall. What we do not know is if the John Duvall who was transported to Maryland before 1678 is the same person as John Duvall, the eldest son of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant. Harry Wright Newman, in his pivotal work, Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation, page 57:
saga. He could have been a son begot of a marriage contracted in France, and being of a tender age
at the time of his father's involvement in political affairs and subsequent banishment, they became
separated and then there were the trying days of orphanhood. Owing to the exigencies of the times
and the difficulty of contact, it was not until his late teens or early twenties that conditions were
propitious for his joining his father in America.
The John Duvall of 1678 did not enter the Province as a redemptionist or an indenture, but
he agreed merely with Captain John Dingley, of the Ship St. George of London, to be transported
to Maryland free of passage money, though the transportees were supposed to perform certain
chores on shipboard en route, and for this contract Captain Dingley was to receive from the Lord
Proprietary 50 acres of land. This landright or 50 acres for importing John Duvall, Dingley
assigned along with 179 other landrights to Nicholas Painter. The latter was an associate of
Colonel William Burgess who brought Mareen the Emigrant into the Province, and the fact that
Painter at his death in 1684 devised the greater portion of his estate to the children of Colonel
Burgess leans a belief that the last wife of Burgess could have been a kinswoman to Painter.
Anyhow there is that Burgess-Painter tie-in involving Mareen Duvall the Emigrant and John
Duvall the transportee of 1678.
About 1677 or before October 1678 the Nanticoke Indian War broke out when a large
contingent from Anne Arundel County went to the relief of the settlers on the lower Eastern Shore.
Among those who served under Colonel William Burgess, the Commander-in-Chief of the
punitive expedition, was Mareen the Elder, son of Mareen the Emigrant. It is noted particularly
that John who was senior to Mareen did not participate in the campaign. Now John was the only
son who was interested in the military — being a captain in the Provincial militia at a later date. So
the question arises, why did not John who had the fighting blood join the forces against the
Nanticokes. It is particularly significant, because Captain Dingley did not bring his 180 settlers
into Maryland until a short time before November 1678.
Then John had more of the continental flare or French customs than the other children of
Mareen the Emigrant, with the lone exception of Eleanor, and accepted the standards of the
well-born Frenchman by the maintenance and recognition of a maitresse or sometimes referred to
by a Frenchman as ma petite amis."
"There is definite proof that John was the eldest son of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant, and ifhe were the John Duvall who was transported in 1678, then greater colour is added to the Duvall
saga. He could have been a son begot of a marriage contracted in France, and being of a tender age
at the time of his father's involvement in political affairs and subsequent banishment, they became
separated and then there were the trying days of orphanhood. Owing to the exigencies of the times
and the difficulty of contact, it was not until his late teens or early twenties that conditions were
propitious for his joining his father in America.
The John Duvall of 1678 did not enter the Province as a redemptionist or an indenture, but
he agreed merely with Captain John Dingley, of the Ship St. George of London, to be transported
to Maryland free of passage money, though the transportees were supposed to perform certain
chores on shipboard en route, and for this contract Captain Dingley was to receive from the Lord
Proprietary 50 acres of land. This landright or 50 acres for importing John Duvall, Dingley
assigned along with 179 other landrights to Nicholas Painter. The latter was an associate of
Colonel William Burgess who brought Mareen the Emigrant into the Province, and the fact that
Painter at his death in 1684 devised the greater portion of his estate to the children of Colonel
Burgess leans a belief that the last wife of Burgess could have been a kinswoman to Painter.
Anyhow there is that Burgess-Painter tie-in involving Mareen Duvall the Emigrant and John
Duvall the transportee of 1678.
About 1677 or before October 1678 the Nanticoke Indian War broke out when a large
contingent from Anne Arundel County went to the relief of the settlers on the lower Eastern Shore.
Among those who served under Colonel William Burgess, the Commander-in-Chief of the
punitive expedition, was Mareen the Elder, son of Mareen the Emigrant. It is noted particularly
that John who was senior to Mareen did not participate in the campaign. Now John was the only
son who was interested in the military — being a captain in the Provincial militia at a later date. So
the question arises, why did not John who had the fighting blood join the forces against the
Nanticokes. It is particularly significant, because Captain Dingley did not bring his 180 settlers
into Maryland until a short time before November 1678.
Then John had more of the continental flare or French customs than the other children of
Mareen the Emigrant, with the lone exception of Eleanor, and accepted the standards of the
well-born Frenchman by the maintenance and recognition of a maitresse or sometimes referred to
by a Frenchman as ma petite amis."
Wednesday, February 24, 2010
Mareen Duvall the Emigrant in Maryland
Despite his humble start as an indentured servant, Mareen Duvall the Emigrant became a prominent and wealthy man. Mareen the Emigrant was brought to the colonies by William Burgess, a Quaker, and was indentured for a period of time to John Covell. These facts lead credance to the supposition that the Emigrant found his way to England before being transported to Maryland. He was an active member of the Church of England. The Emigrant became the epitome of the "American Dream". Even though he had a large family to support (he had at least 12 children of whom we are aware), he was able to acquire a massive estate as is evidenced by his will (see "blog post" dated February 8, 2010). We also know that in 1678 he contributed to the cost of an expedition against the Nanticoke Indians (Colonial Families of the United States, P. 143). His prominence is illustrated by the fact that he was appointed by the Maryland General Assembly as a Commissioner to purchase land and lay out towns. It was in Anne Arundel County, Maryland where the Emigrant achieved his success and where he died on August 5, 1694. "At Middle Plantation Mareen Duvall, undoubtedly the most eminent and best beloved Frenchman to have settled in Maryland, lived the patriarchal life of a seventeenth-century Maryland planter, merchant, and country gentleman surrounded by his family and servants." HARRY WRIGHT NEWMAN, Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation, 1952, p. 29.
Mareen Duvall was a Jacobite
Mareen Duvall the Emigrant was a leader in the Jacobite Party in Maryland. What this essentially meant was that he was a believer in the "divine right of kings", and sided with Scotland in supporting James Stuart (King James II), the son of King Charles II, to be King of England. In a letter written by Colonial Nicholas Greenbury, he refers to a meeting of Jacobites held at the home of Mareen Duvall. See "Side-ligths on Maryland History, With Sketches of Early Maryland Families, by Hester Dorsey Richardson, v. 2, 1913. It would be interesting to know if Mareen Duvall had been around 100 years later if he would have supported the Revolutionery War, as did his descendants, as his Jacobite position might have interfered with his support of the War.
Monday, February 15, 2010
The French Huguenots
The earliest ancestors of Ellis Duval, father of Julius Forest Duvall and Wilma Gladys Duvall Whittlesey, to immigrate to the New World were French Huguenots escaping religious persecution. To know our ancestors it is important that we know their history, for it is also our history and has helped to mold us into the people we are today.
The Vaudois
One can go back as far as the first few centuries after the birth of Christ to find the bases of the Huguenots. It is sufficient to say however, that the origin of the Huguenots is founded in the unrest and disillusionment with the Roman Catholic Church. The predecessors to the Huguenots were known as the Vaudois. We start around 1150 AD with Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant residing in Lyons. Experiencing the untimely and sudden death of an acquaintance apparently awakened in Waldo the understanding of the frailty of human life. He renounced his worldly goods and committed his vast wealth to promoting the gospel. The Roman Catholic clergy tried, without success, to thwart him, and he was able to influence many in the Languedoc region of Southern France. One of the most important steps taken by Waldo was to translate the Latin Bible into his native Gaul language so that it could be read and understood by the masses. One of the major tenets of Protestantism, at least as intended by its’ original leaders, is transparency. The primary beliefs held by Waldo and the Vaudois were:
“I. The Vaudois held the holy Scriptures to be the source of faith and religion, without regard to the authority of the fathers or to tradition; and though they principally used the New Testament, yet, as Usher proves from Reinier and others, they regarded the Old also as canonical scripture. From their greater use of the New Testament, their adversaries charged them however with despising the Old Testament.
II. They held the entire faith according to all the articles of the apostles' creed.
III. They rejected all the eternal rites of the dominant church, excepting baptism and the sacrament of the Lord's supper, as, for instance, temples, ventures, images, crosses, pilgrimages, the religions worship of the holy relics, and the rest of the Roman sacraments; these they considered as inventions of Satan and of the flesh, full of superstition.
IV. They rejected the papal doctrine of purgatory, with, masses, or prayers for the dead, acknowledging only two terminations of the earthly state—heaven and hell.
V. They admitted no indulgences nor confessions of sin, with any of their consequences, excepting mutual confessions of the faithful for instruction and consolation.
VI. They held the sacraments of baptism and of the eucharist to be only symbols, denying the real presence of Christ in the bread and wine, as we find in the authoritative book of the sect concerning antichrist, and as Ebrard de Bethunia accuses them in his book Antihoeresios.
VII. They held only three ecclesiastical orders: bishops, priests, and deacons; other systems they esteemed mere human figments; that monasticism, then in great vogue, was a putrid carcass, and vows the invention of men; and that the marriage of the clergy was lawful and necessary.
VIII. Finally, they denounced Rome as the whore of Babylon, denied obedience to the papal domination, and vehemently repudiated the notions that the pope had any authority over other churches, and that he had the power either of the civil or the ecclesiastical sword.”2
By the end of the 12th Century, the Vaudois had spread their beliefs to many in not only Languedoc, but also into parts of Italy, Germany and Spain. It was at this time, in 1198, that Innocent III ascended to the pontifical throne. He was less tolerant of the Vaudois than his predecessors and “he charged his satellites to burn the chiefs of the Vaudois, to disperse their flocks, to confiscate their property, and to consign to perdition every soul who ventured to think otherwise than as he directed.”3 Initially, Innocent III’s efforts were focused more at trying to persuade rather than win over the insurgents “by the sword”.
Innocent III was particularly aware of the growth in popularity of the Vaudois in Southern France and sent his inquisitors to subdue them. The arrogance of the inquisitors however, managed to offend all classes of the Languedoc society, so their success was only marginal at best. Count Raymond of Toulouse, who presided over Languedoc and Provence, was tolerant of the Vaudois, which upset Innocent III to no end. On May 29, 1207, he wrote to Count Raymond confirming the prohibition against the practices of the Vaudois, and began his letter: "If we could open your heart, we should find, and would point out to you, the detestable abominations that you have committed; but as it is harder than the rock, it is in vain to strike it with the words of salvation; we cannot penetrate it. Pestilential man, what pride has seized your heart, and what is your folly, to refuse peace with your neighbors, and to brave the divine laws by protecting the enemies of the faith? If you do not fear eternal flames, ought you not to dread the temporal chastisements which you have merited by your so many crimes?"4 This letter did not have the effect that was intended, and in January, 1208, a legate of the Pope’s excommunicated Count Raymond. The Count responded by threatening the legate who immediately quit his post, but was followed, unbeknownst to Count Raymond, by one of the Count’s men, and on the night of January 14, 1208 was killed. The Pope was infuriated and responded with “the sword”. This was the beginning of the “Sacred War”.
Count Raymond was terrified. He agreed to submit to any terms and offered to be totally supportive of and the executor of any attacks against the Vaudois, even if they were against his own family.
While the “Sacred War” was being fought against the Protestants in Europe the Catholic Church was also waging The Crusades against the Muslim world. The murder and pillage was worse on the European battlefield than on the Eastern continents however, perhaps because of the closer proximity of the European Protestants to Rome. To the Pope the threat of the Protestants was on the Vatican’s doorstep, and he responded accordingly. In the city of Beziers, in Southern France, the Pope’s armies murdered more people than had ever before been killed in the world; it is estimated that between forty and sixty thousand were massacred.5
What the Pope’s armies did not succeed in doing was totally exterminating the Vaudois. Their beliefs still spread, and they were even more hostile toward the Catholic Church. The terror against them continued under the tutelage of the tyrant Lord Simon de Montfort. Montfort was helped somewhat by the Catholic populace majority who were accustomed to confiding in their priests, listening to Rome, and who viewed the Vaudois as heretics. The atrocities inflicted upon the Vaudois are among the worst in history. Many of the Vaudois fled to less hostile territories. Others quietly and stoically continued to follow their religious beliefs.
In 1229 the Council of Toulouse established the Inquisition in the province of Provence. Among its edicts were that nobody could possess or read a Bible. Further, for those who were followers of Vaudois, if they became ill, medical care would not be provided to them.
The Vaudois did not totally disappear. They quietly passed their beliefs down from generation to generation. It is their perseverance that is thought to have been “the bridge which spanned the black abyss which yawned between the overthrow of the Vaudois church in Languedoc and the birth of Luther”.6 They are also known to have influenced Wickliffe and the eventual break of the Church of England from Rome. Many Vaudois had escaped to Germany, where the writings of Wickliffe precipitated the development of the independent evangelical church. It was the invention of the printing press that eventually revived Protestantism in Europe.
The Reformation
In sixteenth century Europe Protestantism was resurrected, and Luther launched the Reformation, with Calvin following as the organizer. The Catholic Church believed that Protestants were heretics denouncing Christianity, and failed to comprehend what the Protestants were expressing in their faith: “[Protestantism] simply sought to comprehend it, and to secure to mankind the liberty to understand it, in a more spiritual and unselfish disposition, in opposition to a worldly priesthood; [Protestantism] called on man to ground his faith, not on the word of a priest, but on the infallible word of God.” The time was ripe for the movement. Scholars and the populace at large were becoming more educated and open to new ideas. France seemed to be especially open to a new theology. “As the abuses of Rome were wide-spread, ripe, and pregnant, the dissenters made many and rapid converts. Francis I, who ruled the realm at the commencement of the Reformation, was the puppet of his own vanity, inordinately fond of gaiety, pomp, and dissipation. Without fixed principles of religion, he regarded questions of faith with indifference, so long as they did not trench upon the domain of policy. The historical rival of Charles V of Spain, when that cunning emperor temporized with the German dissenters, he also tolerated their brothers in France.”7 By the time opposition became strong, half of France were adherents of the Reformers.
It was not religion, but rather pecuniary greed, that influenced the powerful in France to instigate persecution of the Reformers. “The French prelates, though immersed in the lewd pleasures of the court, were too clear-sighted not to see with alarm the precipice upon which their order stood. They had sanctioned the aid furnished by Francis to foment the rebellion of the German Protestants, in order that internecine broils might weaken and perplex the political power of Charles V. But they were not disposed to tolerate the new opinions in France, lest their ascendency should despoil them of their revenues, as it had already despoiled the Germanic bishops.”8 While some members of upper society sided with the Reformers, their influence was not strong enough to impede persecution. “France bled from every pore.”9 The “reform”, however, continued to spread.
It was in this environment that Calvin emerged. He was born July 10, 1509 in the French province of Picardy. His family was poor but well-read. Calvin’s father was determined that his son receive a good education, so when Calvin was fifteen, his father sent him to college at La Marche in Paris. Calvin quickly climbed to the top of his class, and attracted the attention of one of his professors, Mathurin Cordier, who took him “under his wing”, teaching him Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and inspiring him with his love of learning.
Calvin was a Catholic and adhered to the church’s strictest doctrines. By age 18, Calvin had his own parish. It was during this time that Calvin began hearing people discuss the Bible, and the teachings of Luther and others. His intelligence and curiosity impelled him to study. At age 19 Calvin broke with Rome. He left Paris and moved to Orleans and later Bourges where he inspired many to Protestantism. Calvin preached throughout France between 1527 and 1535, often becoming a fugitive. In 1535 he found himself in Geneva, Switzerland on his way to Germany. Historically, Geneva had been much freer and more open to intellectual diversity than elsewhere in Europe. Though Catholic in religion, its citizens had resisted efforts by the Vatican to take control of the governance of the city. The Genevese gradually accepted the Reformation, perhaps initially more on political rather than religious grounds. William Farel of Gap, an eloquent and fervent Protestant preacher, propelled the city council to declare that Geneva would adhere to the Reformation.
It was in this atmosphere that Calvin entered Geneva. His original intention was only to visit with Farel for a few days before continuing to Germany. Recognizing Calvin’s exceptional speaking ability, Farel induced him to stay in Geneva by threatening the “wrath of God” if he were to leave. Farel and Calvin’s welcome in Geneva did not last long due to the strict discipline they preached. They were soon exiled. Calvin spent his time in exile wandering from town to town and corresponding with other Reformers. After the expulsion of its preachers Geneva suffered from much infighting. Its citizens believed the discord to be punishment and begged the two preachers to return. Farel was otherwise engaged, but Calvin returned to Geneva in 1541 as a hero. It was in Geneva that Calvin organized the Reformation.
It was during this time that the Vaudois, encouraged by the support they had from Calvin, reemerged in Provence. There was an edict in effect prohibiting, among other things, the possession of Bibles and adherence to any faith other than Catholicism. The activities of the heretics were reported to Paris. Despite the protestations of many in power in Provence, in 1545 Francis I, King of France, gave permission to use arms against the Vaudois. Villages were destroyed and their inhabitants massacred; more than three thousand people were murdered. The response of the surviving Vaudois was not to retreat but to start meeting in the open; they even went so far as to errect a church in the middle of Paris.
In 1547, Francis I died. His death marked the beginning of the end of French feudalism. Francis I was succeeded by his son Henry II who garnered little respect among the increasingly rivaling factions. Many in the court of Henry II were Protestants but few spoke openly of their faith. One however, Francis Chatillon d’Andelot, admitted his faith to the king and Henry II imprisoned him. His imprisonment merely served to offend the members of the King’s court. The Reformers saw the support for d’Andelot as permission to celebrate their faith in public. The executions however continued.
It was during the reign of Henry II that the term “Huguenot” began to be used for the French Reformers. It gradually replaced the terms “Protestant” and “Evangelical” and became the “universal synonym for politico-ecclesiastical reform”10
The Huguenots
Henry II died and was succeeded in 1559 by his sixteen year old son, Francis II, who was too young to govern. The Jesuits took advantage of the situation to gain a foothold in France. The Huguenots conspired with discontented nobles to unseat the government; this attempt failed and many were hung. France continued under a reign of tyranny.
Young Francis II died unexpectedly at age 17. His younger brother, Charles IX, who was only eleven at the time, succeeded him to the throne. Chaos reigned over the next twenty-five years as various factions tried to gain power. The country was now divided into two great parties, the Triumvirates who answered to Rome, and the Bourbon princes who were supported by the Huguenots and those who longed for political reform. The queen mother, who stood in for her young son, wavered between the two parties.
The Pope, in the meantime, had become alarmed at the increasing tolerance shown to the Huguenots, and encouraged his legate in Paris to use all means to strengthen the papal party in France. The Jesuits managed to bribe one of the Bourbon princes, Antony of Navarre, to change sides and join the Triumvirate. The Romanists had their setbacks though, one of which was the passage of the Edict of January, 1562. This Edict allowed the Huguenots to meet openly. In exchange the Huguenots had to restore the images of saints which they had seized and pay tithe to the Catholic Church.
The effect of the Edict was short-lived, and soon the massacres resumed. At Tours, three hundred Huguenots were imprisoned without food for three days then led to a slaughter-house and butchered. In cities throughout France similar atrocities occurred. The Triumvirates were emboldened by their successes and caused the revocation of the Edict of January throughout France. The Huguenots responded with vengeance. By June, 1562 France was involved in an all out civil war. Both sides were fairly equally matched; neither side held back from terror and destruction. In battle after battle thousands died. The war came to an end in the spring of 1563 with the assassination of one of the leaders of the Triumvirate. The Triumvirate dissolved, and for a short period of time things began to improve for the Huguenots.
Soon however, things were as bad as ever for the Huguenots. The Pope continued to intervene in the politics of France. In 1567, the king of Spain set out to remove the Huguenots from the Netherlands. More battles ensued in France with many killed. But again, there was another short-lived peace.
On the eve of August 23, 1572, St. Bartholomew’s Day, the peace was broken. It was the evening of the wedding of Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot, to Marguerite de Valois, a daughter of Catherine de Medici. Thousands of Huguenots had come to Paris for the festivities. But instead of festivities, Paris became the scene of one of the worst massacres in history. Catherine de Medici encouraged her son, King Charles IX to order the killings. The carnage continued in Paris for three days and nights. The slaughter spread throughout France. The heads of the most distinguished Huguenot families did not escape death. Somewhere between seventy and one hundred thousand were killed in the massacre. The only reason Henry of Navarre’s life was spared was that he pretended to support the Roman Catholic Church (twenty years later, in 1593, Henry renounced his faith and joined the Catholic Church; in 1597 he became Henry IV (le bon Henri), King of France).
When the massacre was over King Charles IX declared that each anniversary of St. Bartholomew’s Day should be celebrated with festivities and parades. Pope Gregory XIII was jubilant. He went with all of his cardinals to St. Mark’s and ordered prayers that “the Most Christian King might rid and purge his entire kingdom (of France) of the Huguenot plague.”11
The next several years were difficult for the Huguenots. But, in 1598 Henry of Navarre became king of France. Shortly after being crowned Henri IV signed the Edict of Nantes which brought a temporary end to the Wars of Religion. However, when Henri IV was murdered in 1610, the persecution of the Huguenots resumed.
After the death of Henri IV, his weakling son, Louis XIII took the realm. He refused to grant the Huguenots the privileges they had been granted by the Treaty of Nantes. Cardinal Richelieu became powerful and glorified in the extermination of the “dissenters”. His forces captured the last stronghold of the Huguenots, La Rochelle, in 1629 after a month long siege.
Many Huguenots fled France. They tended to seek asylum in the Netherlands, Germany and England. After the Battle at La Rochelle the Huguenots disbanded their political organization. For the next few years there was a relative peace, but always with an underlying fear of persecution. It was during this time that Ellis Duvall’s ancestors, Benoit Basseur, Mary Richford and Mareen Duvall (the Emigrant) left France for England and eventually for the New World.
The Vaudois
One can go back as far as the first few centuries after the birth of Christ to find the bases of the Huguenots. It is sufficient to say however, that the origin of the Huguenots is founded in the unrest and disillusionment with the Roman Catholic Church. The predecessors to the Huguenots were known as the Vaudois. We start around 1150 AD with Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant residing in Lyons. Experiencing the untimely and sudden death of an acquaintance apparently awakened in Waldo the understanding of the frailty of human life. He renounced his worldly goods and committed his vast wealth to promoting the gospel. The Roman Catholic clergy tried, without success, to thwart him, and he was able to influence many in the Languedoc region of Southern France. One of the most important steps taken by Waldo was to translate the Latin Bible into his native Gaul language so that it could be read and understood by the masses. One of the major tenets of Protestantism, at least as intended by its’ original leaders, is transparency. The primary beliefs held by Waldo and the Vaudois were:
“I. The Vaudois held the holy Scriptures to be the source of faith and religion, without regard to the authority of the fathers or to tradition; and though they principally used the New Testament, yet, as Usher proves from Reinier and others, they regarded the Old also as canonical scripture. From their greater use of the New Testament, their adversaries charged them however with despising the Old Testament.
II. They held the entire faith according to all the articles of the apostles' creed.
III. They rejected all the eternal rites of the dominant church, excepting baptism and the sacrament of the Lord's supper, as, for instance, temples, ventures, images, crosses, pilgrimages, the religions worship of the holy relics, and the rest of the Roman sacraments; these they considered as inventions of Satan and of the flesh, full of superstition.
IV. They rejected the papal doctrine of purgatory, with, masses, or prayers for the dead, acknowledging only two terminations of the earthly state—heaven and hell.
V. They admitted no indulgences nor confessions of sin, with any of their consequences, excepting mutual confessions of the faithful for instruction and consolation.
VI. They held the sacraments of baptism and of the eucharist to be only symbols, denying the real presence of Christ in the bread and wine, as we find in the authoritative book of the sect concerning antichrist, and as Ebrard de Bethunia accuses them in his book Antihoeresios.
VII. They held only three ecclesiastical orders: bishops, priests, and deacons; other systems they esteemed mere human figments; that monasticism, then in great vogue, was a putrid carcass, and vows the invention of men; and that the marriage of the clergy was lawful and necessary.
VIII. Finally, they denounced Rome as the whore of Babylon, denied obedience to the papal domination, and vehemently repudiated the notions that the pope had any authority over other churches, and that he had the power either of the civil or the ecclesiastical sword.”2
By the end of the 12th Century, the Vaudois had spread their beliefs to many in not only Languedoc, but also into parts of Italy, Germany and Spain. It was at this time, in 1198, that Innocent III ascended to the pontifical throne. He was less tolerant of the Vaudois than his predecessors and “he charged his satellites to burn the chiefs of the Vaudois, to disperse their flocks, to confiscate their property, and to consign to perdition every soul who ventured to think otherwise than as he directed.”3 Initially, Innocent III’s efforts were focused more at trying to persuade rather than win over the insurgents “by the sword”.
Innocent III was particularly aware of the growth in popularity of the Vaudois in Southern France and sent his inquisitors to subdue them. The arrogance of the inquisitors however, managed to offend all classes of the Languedoc society, so their success was only marginal at best. Count Raymond of Toulouse, who presided over Languedoc and Provence, was tolerant of the Vaudois, which upset Innocent III to no end. On May 29, 1207, he wrote to Count Raymond confirming the prohibition against the practices of the Vaudois, and began his letter: "If we could open your heart, we should find, and would point out to you, the detestable abominations that you have committed; but as it is harder than the rock, it is in vain to strike it with the words of salvation; we cannot penetrate it. Pestilential man, what pride has seized your heart, and what is your folly, to refuse peace with your neighbors, and to brave the divine laws by protecting the enemies of the faith? If you do not fear eternal flames, ought you not to dread the temporal chastisements which you have merited by your so many crimes?"4 This letter did not have the effect that was intended, and in January, 1208, a legate of the Pope’s excommunicated Count Raymond. The Count responded by threatening the legate who immediately quit his post, but was followed, unbeknownst to Count Raymond, by one of the Count’s men, and on the night of January 14, 1208 was killed. The Pope was infuriated and responded with “the sword”. This was the beginning of the “Sacred War”.
Count Raymond was terrified. He agreed to submit to any terms and offered to be totally supportive of and the executor of any attacks against the Vaudois, even if they were against his own family.
While the “Sacred War” was being fought against the Protestants in Europe the Catholic Church was also waging The Crusades against the Muslim world. The murder and pillage was worse on the European battlefield than on the Eastern continents however, perhaps because of the closer proximity of the European Protestants to Rome. To the Pope the threat of the Protestants was on the Vatican’s doorstep, and he responded accordingly. In the city of Beziers, in Southern France, the Pope’s armies murdered more people than had ever before been killed in the world; it is estimated that between forty and sixty thousand were massacred.5
What the Pope’s armies did not succeed in doing was totally exterminating the Vaudois. Their beliefs still spread, and they were even more hostile toward the Catholic Church. The terror against them continued under the tutelage of the tyrant Lord Simon de Montfort. Montfort was helped somewhat by the Catholic populace majority who were accustomed to confiding in their priests, listening to Rome, and who viewed the Vaudois as heretics. The atrocities inflicted upon the Vaudois are among the worst in history. Many of the Vaudois fled to less hostile territories. Others quietly and stoically continued to follow their religious beliefs.
In 1229 the Council of Toulouse established the Inquisition in the province of Provence. Among its edicts were that nobody could possess or read a Bible. Further, for those who were followers of Vaudois, if they became ill, medical care would not be provided to them.
The Vaudois did not totally disappear. They quietly passed their beliefs down from generation to generation. It is their perseverance that is thought to have been “the bridge which spanned the black abyss which yawned between the overthrow of the Vaudois church in Languedoc and the birth of Luther”.6 They are also known to have influenced Wickliffe and the eventual break of the Church of England from Rome. Many Vaudois had escaped to Germany, where the writings of Wickliffe precipitated the development of the independent evangelical church. It was the invention of the printing press that eventually revived Protestantism in Europe.
The Reformation
In sixteenth century Europe Protestantism was resurrected, and Luther launched the Reformation, with Calvin following as the organizer. The Catholic Church believed that Protestants were heretics denouncing Christianity, and failed to comprehend what the Protestants were expressing in their faith: “[Protestantism] simply sought to comprehend it, and to secure to mankind the liberty to understand it, in a more spiritual and unselfish disposition, in opposition to a worldly priesthood; [Protestantism] called on man to ground his faith, not on the word of a priest, but on the infallible word of God.” The time was ripe for the movement. Scholars and the populace at large were becoming more educated and open to new ideas. France seemed to be especially open to a new theology. “As the abuses of Rome were wide-spread, ripe, and pregnant, the dissenters made many and rapid converts. Francis I, who ruled the realm at the commencement of the Reformation, was the puppet of his own vanity, inordinately fond of gaiety, pomp, and dissipation. Without fixed principles of religion, he regarded questions of faith with indifference, so long as they did not trench upon the domain of policy. The historical rival of Charles V of Spain, when that cunning emperor temporized with the German dissenters, he also tolerated their brothers in France.”7 By the time opposition became strong, half of France were adherents of the Reformers.
It was not religion, but rather pecuniary greed, that influenced the powerful in France to instigate persecution of the Reformers. “The French prelates, though immersed in the lewd pleasures of the court, were too clear-sighted not to see with alarm the precipice upon which their order stood. They had sanctioned the aid furnished by Francis to foment the rebellion of the German Protestants, in order that internecine broils might weaken and perplex the political power of Charles V. But they were not disposed to tolerate the new opinions in France, lest their ascendency should despoil them of their revenues, as it had already despoiled the Germanic bishops.”8 While some members of upper society sided with the Reformers, their influence was not strong enough to impede persecution. “France bled from every pore.”9 The “reform”, however, continued to spread.
It was in this environment that Calvin emerged. He was born July 10, 1509 in the French province of Picardy. His family was poor but well-read. Calvin’s father was determined that his son receive a good education, so when Calvin was fifteen, his father sent him to college at La Marche in Paris. Calvin quickly climbed to the top of his class, and attracted the attention of one of his professors, Mathurin Cordier, who took him “under his wing”, teaching him Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and inspiring him with his love of learning.
Calvin was a Catholic and adhered to the church’s strictest doctrines. By age 18, Calvin had his own parish. It was during this time that Calvin began hearing people discuss the Bible, and the teachings of Luther and others. His intelligence and curiosity impelled him to study. At age 19 Calvin broke with Rome. He left Paris and moved to Orleans and later Bourges where he inspired many to Protestantism. Calvin preached throughout France between 1527 and 1535, often becoming a fugitive. In 1535 he found himself in Geneva, Switzerland on his way to Germany. Historically, Geneva had been much freer and more open to intellectual diversity than elsewhere in Europe. Though Catholic in religion, its citizens had resisted efforts by the Vatican to take control of the governance of the city. The Genevese gradually accepted the Reformation, perhaps initially more on political rather than religious grounds. William Farel of Gap, an eloquent and fervent Protestant preacher, propelled the city council to declare that Geneva would adhere to the Reformation.
It was in this atmosphere that Calvin entered Geneva. His original intention was only to visit with Farel for a few days before continuing to Germany. Recognizing Calvin’s exceptional speaking ability, Farel induced him to stay in Geneva by threatening the “wrath of God” if he were to leave. Farel and Calvin’s welcome in Geneva did not last long due to the strict discipline they preached. They were soon exiled. Calvin spent his time in exile wandering from town to town and corresponding with other Reformers. After the expulsion of its preachers Geneva suffered from much infighting. Its citizens believed the discord to be punishment and begged the two preachers to return. Farel was otherwise engaged, but Calvin returned to Geneva in 1541 as a hero. It was in Geneva that Calvin organized the Reformation.
It was during this time that the Vaudois, encouraged by the support they had from Calvin, reemerged in Provence. There was an edict in effect prohibiting, among other things, the possession of Bibles and adherence to any faith other than Catholicism. The activities of the heretics were reported to Paris. Despite the protestations of many in power in Provence, in 1545 Francis I, King of France, gave permission to use arms against the Vaudois. Villages were destroyed and their inhabitants massacred; more than three thousand people were murdered. The response of the surviving Vaudois was not to retreat but to start meeting in the open; they even went so far as to errect a church in the middle of Paris.
In 1547, Francis I died. His death marked the beginning of the end of French feudalism. Francis I was succeeded by his son Henry II who garnered little respect among the increasingly rivaling factions. Many in the court of Henry II were Protestants but few spoke openly of their faith. One however, Francis Chatillon d’Andelot, admitted his faith to the king and Henry II imprisoned him. His imprisonment merely served to offend the members of the King’s court. The Reformers saw the support for d’Andelot as permission to celebrate their faith in public. The executions however continued.
It was during the reign of Henry II that the term “Huguenot” began to be used for the French Reformers. It gradually replaced the terms “Protestant” and “Evangelical” and became the “universal synonym for politico-ecclesiastical reform”10
The Huguenots
Henry II died and was succeeded in 1559 by his sixteen year old son, Francis II, who was too young to govern. The Jesuits took advantage of the situation to gain a foothold in France. The Huguenots conspired with discontented nobles to unseat the government; this attempt failed and many were hung. France continued under a reign of tyranny.
Young Francis II died unexpectedly at age 17. His younger brother, Charles IX, who was only eleven at the time, succeeded him to the throne. Chaos reigned over the next twenty-five years as various factions tried to gain power. The country was now divided into two great parties, the Triumvirates who answered to Rome, and the Bourbon princes who were supported by the Huguenots and those who longed for political reform. The queen mother, who stood in for her young son, wavered between the two parties.
The Pope, in the meantime, had become alarmed at the increasing tolerance shown to the Huguenots, and encouraged his legate in Paris to use all means to strengthen the papal party in France. The Jesuits managed to bribe one of the Bourbon princes, Antony of Navarre, to change sides and join the Triumvirate. The Romanists had their setbacks though, one of which was the passage of the Edict of January, 1562. This Edict allowed the Huguenots to meet openly. In exchange the Huguenots had to restore the images of saints which they had seized and pay tithe to the Catholic Church.
The effect of the Edict was short-lived, and soon the massacres resumed. At Tours, three hundred Huguenots were imprisoned without food for three days then led to a slaughter-house and butchered. In cities throughout France similar atrocities occurred. The Triumvirates were emboldened by their successes and caused the revocation of the Edict of January throughout France. The Huguenots responded with vengeance. By June, 1562 France was involved in an all out civil war. Both sides were fairly equally matched; neither side held back from terror and destruction. In battle after battle thousands died. The war came to an end in the spring of 1563 with the assassination of one of the leaders of the Triumvirate. The Triumvirate dissolved, and for a short period of time things began to improve for the Huguenots.
Soon however, things were as bad as ever for the Huguenots. The Pope continued to intervene in the politics of France. In 1567, the king of Spain set out to remove the Huguenots from the Netherlands. More battles ensued in France with many killed. But again, there was another short-lived peace.
On the eve of August 23, 1572, St. Bartholomew’s Day, the peace was broken. It was the evening of the wedding of Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot, to Marguerite de Valois, a daughter of Catherine de Medici. Thousands of Huguenots had come to Paris for the festivities. But instead of festivities, Paris became the scene of one of the worst massacres in history. Catherine de Medici encouraged her son, King Charles IX to order the killings. The carnage continued in Paris for three days and nights. The slaughter spread throughout France. The heads of the most distinguished Huguenot families did not escape death. Somewhere between seventy and one hundred thousand were killed in the massacre. The only reason Henry of Navarre’s life was spared was that he pretended to support the Roman Catholic Church (twenty years later, in 1593, Henry renounced his faith and joined the Catholic Church; in 1597 he became Henry IV (le bon Henri), King of France).
When the massacre was over King Charles IX declared that each anniversary of St. Bartholomew’s Day should be celebrated with festivities and parades. Pope Gregory XIII was jubilant. He went with all of his cardinals to St. Mark’s and ordered prayers that “the Most Christian King might rid and purge his entire kingdom (of France) of the Huguenot plague.”11
The next several years were difficult for the Huguenots. But, in 1598 Henry of Navarre became king of France. Shortly after being crowned Henri IV signed the Edict of Nantes which brought a temporary end to the Wars of Religion. However, when Henri IV was murdered in 1610, the persecution of the Huguenots resumed.
After the death of Henri IV, his weakling son, Louis XIII took the realm. He refused to grant the Huguenots the privileges they had been granted by the Treaty of Nantes. Cardinal Richelieu became powerful and glorified in the extermination of the “dissenters”. His forces captured the last stronghold of the Huguenots, La Rochelle, in 1629 after a month long siege.
Many Huguenots fled France. They tended to seek asylum in the Netherlands, Germany and England. After the Battle at La Rochelle the Huguenots disbanded their political organization. For the next few years there was a relative peace, but always with an underlying fear of persecution. It was during this time that Ellis Duvall’s ancestors, Benoit Basseur, Mary Richford and Mareen Duvall (the Emigrant) left France for England and eventually for the New World.
Tuesday, February 9, 2010
Why I Do Not Think Massiot Duval is the Father of Mareen Duvall the Emigrant
Many Duvall researchers believe that Mareen Duvall the Emigrant was the son of Massiot Duval and Marguerite d'Orbec. I do not believe this is possible if the information in Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, Vol. 5, 2nd Ed., 1772, p. 772 - 773 is accurate (http://books.google.fr/books?id=Kh8VAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA752&lpg=RA1-PA752&dq=massiot+Duval&source=bl&ots=7v-xjZCx-C&sig=Er6TzVKIMNZ3l4AGkSK_s758ycs&hl=fr&ei=HxlyS9bZLoicswO-tuCxCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=massiot%20Duval&f=false). This work is a brief genealogy of many noble French families, including the family of Massiot Duval. Unfortunately this Dictionnaire gives few dates, but based on the dates given I believe it would have been impossible for Massiot Duval and Marguerite d'Orbec to be the parents of Mareen the Emigrant. This book contains the following information (loosely translated by me from French):
Hugh Duval was married to Adeline and lived in 1275. Their son:
Robert Duval was married to Jeanne de Putot and had a son:
Jean Duval who married Marie D'Acou and lived in 1375; they had a son:
Laurent Duval who married Agnes de Marmieu; they had a son:
Guillame Duval who married Alix de Mamufin; they had a son:
Massiot Duval who married Marguerite d'Orbec; they had among other children:
Thomas Duval married Nicola Staggard; they had sons Francois and:
Jacques Duval, who had a son:
Louis Duval lived in 1568 and 1575 and had a son:
Nicholas who married Madelene de Haules and had a son:
Charles who was married in 1604.
Assuming the above dates and names are reasonably accurate it would not have been possible for Mareen Duval the Emigrant to have been the son of Massiott Duval. Some researchers believe that Massiot's son Thomas was the father of Mareen; there is no mention of Mareen the Dictionnaire, and the dates still do not work.
Hugh Duval was married to Adeline and lived in 1275. Their son:
Robert Duval was married to Jeanne de Putot and had a son:
Jean Duval who married Marie D'Acou and lived in 1375; they had a son:
Laurent Duval who married Agnes de Marmieu; they had a son:
Guillame Duval who married Alix de Mamufin; they had a son:
Massiot Duval who married Marguerite d'Orbec; they had among other children:
Thomas Duval married Nicola Staggard; they had sons Francois and:
Jacques Duval, who had a son:
Louis Duval lived in 1568 and 1575 and had a son:
Nicholas who married Madelene de Haules and had a son:
Charles who was married in 1604.
Assuming the above dates and names are reasonably accurate it would not have been possible for Mareen Duval the Emigrant to have been the son of Massiott Duval. Some researchers believe that Massiot's son Thomas was the father of Mareen; there is no mention of Mareen the Dictionnaire, and the dates still do not work.
Monday, February 8, 2010
Mareen Duvall the Emigrant
Mareen Duvall the Emigrant (probably originally spelled "Marin Duval") was most likely born in Laval, Mayenne, Pays de la Loire, France about 1625. To date, this has not been verified, but it is a reasonable presumption inasmuch as he named the first track of land patented to him by Lord Baltimore in 1659 "Laval". We do know that he was born in France, was brought over to the New World as an indentured servant, probably after having migrated to England, by William Burgess and was indentured to John Covell. Mareen married Susannah Brasseur, daughter of Benjamin Brasseur and Mary Richford in about 1679 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Susannah was his second wife; the name of his first wife is unknown, but it is known they had at least five children, John, Mareen the Elder, Lewis, Samuel and Eleanor . It is believed that Mareen and Susannah had seven children, Susannah, Mareen the Younger, Catherine, Mary, Elizabeth, Johanna, and Benjamin. When his wife Susannah died about 1692 Mareen married Mary Stanton. Mareen and Mary had no children, and Mareen died a short time after their marriage, on August 5, 1694, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Mareen died a wealthy man, having accumulated several thousand acres of land.
We are fortunate to have a copy of Mareen's will from the Maryland Calendar of Wills, Volume II:
Duvall, Mareen,A. A. Co.,2nd Aug., 1694; 13th Aug., 1694. To wife Mary, extx., part of 600 A., “ Middle Plantation ” during life, and she is not to be molested by any of testator's children. To son Lewis and hrs., 300 A., part of “ Middle Plantation, ” on which eld. son Mareen now lives; also to inherit wife Mary's portion at her decease. To dau. Eliza: and hrs., 375 A., “ Bowdell's Choice ” in Calvert Co. To son Benjamin and hrs., 200 A., part of 400 A., “ Howerton's Range ” in Calvert Co. To dau. Catherine and hrs., residue of “ Hoertons' Range. ” To son Mareen, the younger, son of late wife Susannah, and hrs., 300 A., “ The Plains ” in Calvort Co. To dau. Mary and hrs., 320 A., “ Marley's Grove, ” and 300 A., “ Marley's Lot, ” A. A. Co. To young. dau. Johanna, 311 A., “ Larkin's Choice, ” and 200 A., “ Duvall's Range. ” To son John, 5 shillings. To dau. Eliza:, wife of John Roberts, and to son Samuel, personalty. Sons John and Lewis and son-in-law Robert Tyler to assist wife in executorship. Sons to be of age at 18 yrs. and daus at 16 yrs. Test: Wm. Roper, Wm. Goodman, Rich'd Cheser, Jervis Morgan, Clement Davis. 2. 327."
We are fortunate to have a copy of Mareen's will from the Maryland Calendar of Wills, Volume II:
Duvall, Mareen,A. A. Co.,2nd Aug., 1694; 13th Aug., 1694. To wife Mary, extx., part of 600 A., “ Middle Plantation ” during life, and she is not to be molested by any of testator's children. To son Lewis and hrs., 300 A., part of “ Middle Plantation, ” on which eld. son Mareen now lives; also to inherit wife Mary's portion at her decease. To dau. Eliza: and hrs., 375 A., “ Bowdell's Choice ” in Calvert Co. To son Benjamin and hrs., 200 A., part of 400 A., “ Howerton's Range ” in Calvert Co. To dau. Catherine and hrs., residue of “ Hoertons' Range. ” To son Mareen, the younger, son of late wife Susannah, and hrs., 300 A., “ The Plains ” in Calvort Co. To dau. Mary and hrs., 320 A., “ Marley's Grove, ” and 300 A., “ Marley's Lot, ” A. A. Co. To young. dau. Johanna, 311 A., “ Larkin's Choice, ” and 200 A., “ Duvall's Range. ” To son John, 5 shillings. To dau. Eliza:, wife of John Roberts, and to son Samuel, personalty. Sons John and Lewis and son-in-law Robert Tyler to assist wife in executorship. Sons to be of age at 18 yrs. and daus at 16 yrs. Test: Wm. Roper, Wm. Goodman, Rich'd Cheser, Jervis Morgan, Clement Davis. 2. 327."
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